Vacuum tube



...lune 18, 1929. l, E, MOUROMTSEFF 1,718,206

. lVACUUM TUBE Filed Aug. 29, 192.7

INVENTOR BY A'TTORNEY 18, ieza. v-

.i Ij-iUN1TED STATES' PATENT OFFICE.:

-ILIA E. MoUaoMTsFF', ois.` wILxINsiaUne, PENNSYLVANIA, AssrGNon 'ro WESTING- noUsE'ELEcTBIc a IANUIACTUNING 'coMrAmL A CORPORATION or rENNsYL- vANIA. 4 j VACUUM TUBE.

l Application tiled-August 29, 1927. Serial No. 216,138.

My invention relates lto space-discharge tween the parts of the Various electrodes. At

devices ,and particularly to devices of that the same time the distance between the tube type adapted to generate oscillations of radio elements must not vary during the life of the frequency and o considerable power. tube. This requires. a very considerable 5 One' of the objects of my invention 1s to rigldlty and mechanical strength in the sup- 6o'V provide a supporting'structurevfor theelecporting structure; the A.more so because the t'rodes of an oscillation generator which shall electrodes of such tubes usually operate at provide `the desired rigidity of support be` rat-her high temperatures at which the conl tween the 'various' parts and lwhich shall be stit'uentl metals of theelectrodes are of 'relalo light in weight to eliminaten the' mechanical .tively low mechanical' strength. These e1ec. 65 stresses upon the various support members. trode structures must be supported within .V Another object ofmy invention is to proglass tubes, which are, in the very nature .of vide a cylindrical anode construction for osthings, relatively weak mechanically.4 The cillation generators which' shall be rigid even problem presented, therefore, is that of de-V n A15 when subjected Ito the relatively high tem# vi'sing supporting'structures having thencces 70 peratures incident to itsy operation, and which sary mechanical strength with as li Vht weight may be readily supported in place within the as possible. The construction whlch I have tube structure, l l devised is intended as a solution of Vsuch f Another object of'lmy linvention is topro problem.- l

vati-vide a structure for the seal of the cathode' Referring to Figure 1, a-vacuum container -75 jleads in an oscillation generator of high 1 of the ordinary cylindrical type has at one powerl and voltage, and for supporting a colend a reentrant stem 2 .enclosing a press 3, in `lar'holding the electrode structure in such a which are lsealed cathode leads 4, allin amanwayas to provide the necessary length of inner wellslmown in the art. The press 3 is 25-4 sulating path for. high voltages, and to 'pre- Surrounded by an extension of the stem 2, '80` "3Q` entire plate, gri

35 nation.

vent destruction by electrical corona on theA which rises ywell above the top of the press inleadin wires. r r in the manner indicated in Fig. 4. Upon the A furt er object of my invention is to proextension 5 is supported a split metal collar 6 vide a unitary su portlng structure for the to the diametrically-opposite sides of which g and filament assembly are attached two verticali support wires '2' '85 which makes it possible ,to subject them to a which may be of molybdenum. These wires I preliminar treatment as a finis ed unit, in pass through holes 8 at the diametrically-ophydrogen or' example, and to then sealthem posite ends of the arms .9 of twocross-shaped into the container without further contamimembers 11 of insulating ymaterial of the type shown in detail in Fig. 3. One such in- 90 Other objects of my invention will become sulator forms the bottom framework of the apparent upon reading the following speci* electrode structure while a second one forms iica'tion, taken in connection with the draw the top framework thereof. These two insuin s, wherein lators serve to hold the various electrode ele,-

v 4o j lgure 1 1s a view showing a longitudinal ments rigidly in proper spaced relation. 95

, section of a space-discharge deviceembody- The pair of arms 12 of the insulators 11, ing my invention. y not occupied by the support rods 7, are proo Fig. 2` isV aperspective view of theanode vided with a second pair of molybdenumstruct/ure which I have invented, and rods 13set in holes 14 therein. A grid elec- 4,5, Fig.. 3-is a detail of an insulator, used as trode 15 of well-known form is provided for 100 an element in the electrode structure. the space-discharge tube by winding'a mo- Fig. 4 is a sectional view ofthe reentrant lybdenum wire spirally about the two sup-y` stem and seal of my discharge device. port rods 13. The diameter Aof these rods lis In radio tubes intended for high power suoli that the winding of molybdenum wire i 5o and, in particular, in oscillation generators, forms a double-(wall grid electrode -in the 105' 1t 1s necessary to make use of relatively high middle of which may be supported an M- supply volta es. lIt isfurther necessary that shaped cathode iilament 16 Aof well-known the 'spacin etwe'en various electrodes shalll form.' The apexes of this M-shaped filament be relative y small, in'consequenceof which are supported on'` vertical wires 17 running zMi very high electricalstressesare produced bethrough holes in the cross arm of the upper 110 insulator.V They' are resiliently supported therein by means of springs of tungsten wire `cross-shaped insulator by passing through holes 20 in one set of arms thereof. The mid-point of the lilament may be similarly anchored to the center 21 of the lower insulator. This construction will be evident from an inspection of Figs.y 1 and 3.

The anode which is -shown in detail in Fig. 2consists of two flanged, trough-shaped members 22 which are held together to form a closed cylinder, by rivets 23 through their longitudinal flanges 24 aforesaid. The upper and lower ends of this cylinder are provided with transverse flanges 25 to add rigidity to the structure, and two transverse corrugations 26 are providedv at 'intervals along the cylinder walls-to add further rigidity. Corrugations/ 28 may be provided to increase the stiffness of the flanges 25. The

anode structure so constructed is supported ter through :An inlea i V59 ou the pair of molybdenuml support rods 7 already mentioned, ruiming between the arms 9 of the two cross-shaped insulators 11.v The longitudinal flanges 24 of the anode are pressed into a fit around the molybdenum rods 7, as will be clearly seen -from an inspection'of Fig. 2, in which a portion of one flange is shown cut away, in order to show the lmolybdenum rod- 7 in the interior thereof. i

This entire "electrode structure comprising the two pairs of molybdenum rodsy 7 and 13 at the :end of the arms lof the cross-shaped members 11, thus forms a mechanically rigid frame for the anode cylinder 22, the control electrode 15 and the M-shaped cathode 16 ',aboverdescribed. It will be evident that the entire electrode structure described in the precedingparagraph is supported upon the split collar 6, which 1s clamped on the extention 5 of the stem 2. Small connecting members are welded between the filament supports`19 and the inleading wires 4 which enthe press 3, as above described. ng wire 29 for the plate current is sealed; through the` very bottom end of the container 1 and is attached'to the split collar 6. A lead 30 for the control electrode passes through a diametrically-opposite seal at the lower end of the containery 1 andis welded to one ofthe vertical molybdenum the control electrode. i

The tube thus constructed may beprorods 13 which constitute the framework for vided with a base 32 of conventional form.-

The oscillation generator so constructed -may be utilized in any of the standard con-'- nections for three electrodo tub/es which are well-known in the art and require no separate description. l

.The cross-shape insulating members. 11 in conjunction with the molybdenum tie rods mechanical strength because of the flanges and corrugations with which it is provided and even-when operated at a red heat, has sufficient mechanical. strength so that the electrostatic force incident to high voltage operation willnot cause it to change shape.

The arrangement of the extension 5 of the stem to surround and extend beyond the cathode cell provides avery high degree of insulation and a long.,r creepage distance be-k tween the cathode leads and the collar 6, which is at the potential ofthe anode- Furthermore, the position of the collar 6 near the upper end of the extension 5 insures that the electric field between this collar andthe cathode leads shall be dense in the neighborhood of thelatter, only around such portions of them as are inside the evacuated enclosure. This permits a density of electric field which, if 4it'surrounded the -portions of the leads which were exposed -to the air outside the tube, would produce destructive heating, by reason of the electric corona.

While I have shown and described a particular embodiment of my invention, it will be clear to those skilled in the artthat the principles thereof are capable of embodiment in modifications of those structu res- I, there` fore desire that the claims should be limited only in accordance with their express term and with the scope of the prior art. Y I claim as my invention; I

1,.I In combination with a vacuumtype container, an electrode and supports therefor disposed in one plane, a second electrode, sup. ports therefor disposed in another plane and spacing means .for said electrodescomprising an insulator having two pairs of radial arms supporting said first electrode with one parrot arms and said second electrode with the other pair of arms.

.2. In co bination with a vacuum-type container a c thode held upon supports in one plane, an anode held upon sup orts in another plane and spacing means orsaid supports comprising a cross-shaped insulator havingone pairv of arms adapted to engage thel supports of one of sai'd electrodes and another pair of arms adapted to engage the supports of said other electrode. f

3. In combination with a vacuum-t e lcontainer an electrode and supports there or disports therefor disposed in another plane andl spacing'- ine'ans for said electrodes comprising a plurality of cross-shaped insulators supporting said first electrode With one pair of arms and said second electixde with the other pair of arms. 4

4. ln combination with a vacuum-type container a cathode held upon supports in one plane, an anode held' upon sup orts in another plane, a control electrode aving supporlsin one of said planes and spacing means for 'said supports comprising a cross-shaped insulator having one pairof arms adapted to engage the supports of one of said lelectrodes with their outer ends, and having another pair of arms adapted-to engage the supports ot'l said other electrodes.

5. In combination with a vacuum-type container, a cathode held upon supports inone plane, an anode having longitudinal anges attached to` supports in another plane, and spacino' means for said supports 'comprising a cross-s iaped insulator having one pair of arms adap'ted to engage the supports at f taehed to said flanges and another pair of arms adapted to engage. said cathode supports.

G. In combination with a vacuum-type container, a cathode held upon supports in one plane, an anode-having longitudinal flanges. attached to supports in another plane and spacing means for said supports com rising a plurality of cross-.shaped insulators aving one pair of larms adapted to engage the supports attached to said flan es with their outer ends and another pair o arms adapted to engage the said cathode supports.

`7. In combination with a vacuum-type container an electrode and supports therefor dis.- posed in one plane, a second electrode comprising a pair of trough-shaped members en` closing. said first electrode and supports for 'said second electrode -disposed in another DISCLAI plane, and si'iacingl means' for said electrodes comprising a cross-shaped insulator supporting said first` electrodewith'one pair of arms and supporting said second 'electrode .with its'seeond pair of rarms.`

tainer having a reentrant neck and leads 8. In combination withavacuuni-type con'- to said leads, a second electrode and support.A

ing mea'ns for said Second electrode comprising a collar engaging said" extension remote Iroin said seal.

9. In combination With'a vacuum-type container having a reentraiit neck and leads sealed therein, an extension on said neck surrounding said le'ads, au electrode eonnectedA tosaid leads, a second electrode and supporting means for said elertrodes comprising a a pair of cross-shaped insulators supported upon a collar engaging said extension remote from said seal. I

l0. An electrical discharge tube having an electrode and comprising two trough-shaped members. flanged at their edges and positioned-to form a cylinder, other ianges transverse to each end of said cylinder, said trough shaped members having transverse corrugationsin theirwalls,

l1. An electrode for an electrical discharge tube comprising two trough-"'sli-.iped members liaviri, 'g'fianges at their edges and positioned to forma cylinder, other. flanges transverse to each end, said trough shaped members having transverse corrugations in their Walls and support leads attached to each longitudinal ange, and a supporting collar attached to said leads at one end thereof.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 24th day of August 1927.

ILIA E. MoURoMTsEFF.

MER

1,718,206.1Iia E. Mouronitse, wilkinsb'u'rg, Pa. VACUUM Tumi. Patent dated June 18, 1929. Disclaimer filed May 2, 1936, by the assignee, Westinghouse Electric ct: Manufacturing Company. Herelg1 enters this disclaimer to claims -1 I Jficial GazetteMay 26, 1936.1

, 2, 3, and 4 of the patent specification: 

